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Timber (Subscribe) Terms, definitions, and concepts related to timber production and management.

Land Terms

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Habitat popular

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The locality in which an organism lives; the physical environment that will support a plant or animal in the absence of disturbance.

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Hectare

Common area measurement(square measure) of the metric system, used in most countries of the world. One (1) hectare is equal to 10,000 square meters, 0.01 square kilometers, or 2.471 acres.

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Hectare equivalents or conversions

One (1) hectare is equal to 10,000 square meters. One (1) hectare is equal to 0.01 square kilometers. One (1) hectare is equal to 2.471 acres. One (1) hectare is equal to 107,639.104 square feet. One (1) hectare is equal to 11,959.9 square yards. One (1) hectare is equal to 395.367 square rods, poles, or perches. One (1) hectare is equal to 24.71 square chains. One (1) hectare is equal to 9.88 roods. One (1) hectare is equal to 2.925 arpents. One (1) hectare is equal to 0.0039 square miles or sections. One (1) hectare is equal to 0.0001 townships.

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Heterogeneous (natural sciences) popular

Different or dissimilar in structure, function, composition, quality, or origin.

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In-holding

A piece of private ground surrounded by the National Forest. These usually started as mining claims.

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Inch (in)

A unit of length used in the English system of measurement, equal to 1/12 (0.0833) of one (1) foot, or 2.54 centimeters (cm). For more inch conversion factors, equivalents, and examples, see Inch (in) conversions and equivalents and the various Converting inches to... examples.

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Inch (in) equivalents and conversions

An inch (in) is a unit of length used in the English system of measurement.
One (1) inch is equal to 0.0833 feet.
One (1) inch is equal to 2.54 centimeters (cm).
One (1) inch is equal to 0.1262 links.
One (1) inch is equal to 0.0278 yards.
One (1) inch is equal to 0.0051 rods, poles, or perches.
One (1) inch is equal to 0.0013 chains.
One (1) inch is equal to 0.00013 furlongs.
One (1) inch is equal to 0.00002 miles.
One (1) inch is equal to 0.0254 meter (m).
One (1) inch is equal to 0.00003 kilometers (km).
For conversion examples, see the various Converting inches to... entries.

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Index popular

A scale comparing relative values with each other or a predetermined reference.

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Land use

The activities, operations, or purposes that are employed in a particualr geographic area; the specific manner in which a parcel or tract of land is utilized. Land use is usually regulated by municipal governments through zoning ordinances, although some land uses are regulated by state or federal governments.

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Log rule (Log scale)

A formula, table, or index that gives estimates of timber volumes based on lengths and diameters of logs (cut or standing timber). Also known as log scales, log rules vary by tree species, geographic location, stocking level of the stand, and other factors.

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Lumber

1. (n.) Timber or logs that have been sawed, split, or planed into wood used to frame or build structures. 2. (n.) Discarded or unused articles or other chattels such as furniture that have been stored. 3. (v.) To harvest or remove timber and convert it into building materials.

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Merchantable

Something that is commercially valuable and desirable, and that can usually generate a profit or return on an investment (yield).

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Merchantable species

Species of trees that are commercially valuable as timber. Examples include Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), and eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides).

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Merchantable timber

Live trees of merchantable species and sufficient size that they can be profitably harvested and sold. Merchantable timber is then milled and made into lumber and other wood products.

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Periodic

Occurring regularly or semi-regularly in time, as a periodic tenancy, periodic rent, periodic portfolio review, etc.

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Personal property (Personalty)

All property other than real property. Personal property is distinct from real property in that it is moveable (not attached or affixed). Exceptions are made for trade fixtures or furniture, fixtures, and equipment (FFE), which can be attached, but are still considered personal property. Also known as personalty or chattels, personal property can be tangible (things or objects owned) or intangible (rights and relationships that are included in ownership). Tangible chattels include all objects that one owns, such as vehicles, clothing, houseplants, small appliances, etc. Examples of intangible chattels include patents, copyrights, royalties, and community property relationships. Transfer of personal property is done through a bill of sale, a will, intestate succession, or by court order (judgment).

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Pole

1. A unit of length or area equal to one linear rod or one square rod, commonly used in land surveys. The terms, rod, pole, and perch are equivalent and may be used interchangeably, although "rod" is the most common. One (1) pole is equal to 25 links, 16.5 feet, or 1/4 (0.25) chain. For conversions and examples, see Rod, pole, or perch equivalents and conversions and the various Converting rods, poles, or perches to... entries.
2. A roundwood product used primarily for structural support. Tree species used for poles are selected for resistance to weather, wear, and mechanical stress and include lodgepole pine, Douglas-fir, western hemlock, and a variety of southern pines.
3. Term applied to trees that have too small a diameter to be considered sawlogs, but are useful as structural supports, flagpoles, etc.
4. The end of an axis, as in poles of the earth or of cellular mitotic spindles in plants and animals.
5. Either of two opposing parts, forces, or situations, as in magnets, batteries, or opinions.

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Presettlement

Refers to the era prior to European settlement of North America, especially to the period before industrialization made it possible for these settlers to induce unprecedented ecosystem changes.

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Range

1. A measurement used in the United States Public Lands Survey System (PLSS), consisting of a strip of land six miles wide, running in a north-south direction.
2. A row or tier of townships lying east or west of the principal meridian and numbered successively to the east and to the west from the principal meridian. Abbreviated as R1E (range 1E), R2E (range 2 east), R1W (range 1 west), and so on.

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Regime

A pattern of regular or semi-regular occurrences or processes that characterizes and governs a natural system, as in precipitation regime, fire regime, disturbance regime, etc.

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Restocking

The planting of trees under silvicultural prescriptions in areas where trees were once located but no longer exist due to disturbance (harvest, fire, wind, insects, etc.).

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Rotation

The number of years required to grow trees to an ideal size or age; usually trees are grown to either economic maturity or natural maturity.

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Sawlog

A measure of merchantable timber in live trees of merchantable species. Generally, sawlogs should be a minimum of eight inches (8") diameter at breast height (dbh) and eight feet (8') in length.

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Sawtimber

Live trees of merchantable species that are suitable for harvesting and sawing into lumber according to specific criteria. Generally, sawtimber should be greater than eight inches (8") diameter at breast height (dbh), and should contain at least one (1) sawlog. Merchantable sawlogs are usually a minimum of eight feet (8') in length.

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Section

A section is a tract of land approximately one (1) mile square and containing 640 acres, within a township. Sections are used in the government rectangular survey system (U.S. Public Lands Survey). Each section is approximately 1/36th (0.0278) of a township. Irregularities exist due to the curvature of the earth; these irregularities are corrected for in the northern and western tiers of sections in each township. One (1) section is equal to 640 acres, one (1) mile square, one (1) square mile, and 27,878,400 square feet.

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