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Survey (Subscribe) Terms, definitions, and concepts used in land surveying.

Land Terms

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Square mile

A unit of area measurement used in the English measurement and Government Rectangular Survey systems. One (1) square mile is equal to one section (1/36th) of a township, or 640 acres. See square mile equivalents or converting square miles for more conversions and equivalents.

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Square mile equivalents or conversions

One (1) square mile is equal to one (1) section of a township. One (1) square mile is equal to 640 acres. One (1) square mile is equal to 27,878,400 square feet. One (1) square mile is equal to 2.59 square kilometers. One (1) square mile is equal to 3,097,600 square yards. One (1) square mile is equal to 102,399.59 square rods, poles, or perches. One (1) square mile is equal to 6,399.9744 square chains. One (1) square mile is equal to 2,560.0 roods. One (1) square mile is equal to 757.5523 arpents. One (1) square mile is equal to 0.0278 (1/36th) townships. One (1) square mile is equal to 2,589,988.1103 square meters. One (1) square mile is equal to 258.9988 hectares.

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Square perch

A unit of area measurement (square measure) that is one (1) perch in length on each side. One (1) square perch is equal to 272.25 square feet, 0.0625 square chains, or 0.00625 acres. A square perch is also known as a square rod or square pole.

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Square pole

A unit of area measurement (square measure) that is one pole in length on each side. One (1) square pole is equal to 272.25 square feet, 0.0625 square chains, or 0.00625 acres. A square pole is also known as a square rod or square perch.

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Square rod

A unit of area measurement (square measure) that is one rod in length on each side. One (1) square rod is equal to 272.25 square feet, 0.0625 square chains, or 0.00625 acres. A square rod is also known as a square pole or square perch.

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Square rod, pole, or perch equivalents or conversions

One (1) square rod, pole, or perch is equal to 272.25 square feet. One (1) square rod, pole, or perch is equal to 30.25 square yards. One (1) square rod, pole, or perch is equal to 0.0625 square chains. One (1) square rod, pole, or perch is equal to 0.025 roods. One (1) square rod, pole, or perch is equal to 0.0074 arpents. One (1) square rod, pole or perch is equal to 0.00625 acres. One (1) square rod, pole, or perch is equal to 25.293 square meters. One (1) square rod, pole, or perch is equal to 0.00253 hectares. One (1) square rod, pole, or perch is equal to 0.0000253 square kilometers. One (1) square rod, pole, or perch is equal to 0.00001 square miles or sections.

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Square yard

Unit of area measurement square measure that is one (1) yard in length on each side. One (1) square yard is equal to 0.836 square meters or 9.0 square feet.

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Square yard equivalents or conversions

One (1) square yard is equal to 0.8361 square meters. One (1) square yard is equal to 9.0 square feet. One (1) square yard is equal to 0.0331 square rods, poles, or perches. One (1) square yard is equal to 0.0021 square chains. One (1) square yard is equal to 0.0008 roods. One (1) square yard is equal to 0.00024 arpents. One (1) square yard is equal to 0.00021 acres. One (1) square yard is equal to 0.000084 hectares.

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Statute mile

Complete and formal name of the mile, a U.S. and international unit of length equal to 5,280 feet (ft) or 1.6093 kilometers (km). For conversion factors and examples, see Mile equivalents and conversions or the various Converting miles to... entries.

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Stream

A steady flow or current of water on the earth, such as a river, creek or brook.

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Subdivision

1. The process of buying undeveloped land, dividing it into smaller, usable lots, and selling the lots to potential users or investors. 2. Land that has been divided by the owner (subdivider) into individual parcels or lots which have been grouped into blocks. These lots, together with streets, alleys, parks, schools, planned commercial areas, and public utility easements, are recorded on a plat. Subdivision is subject to local and state regulations, and in most areas a lengthy application process and filing fee is required.

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Subdivisional Lines

Surveys performed within a township that divide a township into sections.

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Survey

The process by which boundaries are measured and the locations or forms of land areas are determined; the on-site measurement of lot lines, dimensions, and position of structures on a lot including the determination of any existing encroachments or easements.

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Surveyor's chain

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A common forestry and land survey term that is equivalent to 66 linear feet. Often referred to as simply "chain", this term is more formally known as the surveyor's or Gunter's chain. A chain is broken into 100 equal parts, or links. One (1) mile is equal to 80 chains. A one (1) mile square piece of land (one section or 640 acres) is 80 chains on each side. Although an engineer's or Ramsden's chain is also used to measure length in surveys, the generic term "chain" when used in reference to land measurements refers to the unit of length (66 feet) represented by the Gunter's or surveyor's chain. For more chain conversions, equivalents, and examples, see Chain equivalents and conversions or the various Converting chains to... examples.

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Surveyor's measure

Square measure system of land surveying, mapping and measurement which uses the Gunter's or surveyor's chain as a base unit.

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Toise

A French unit of length that equals to 6 old French 'pieds' or feet, or 6.4 English feet.

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Township

A land measurement used in the government rectangular survey system (U.S. Public Lands Survey). A township is six (6) miles in length on each side, with a total area of 36 square miles. It contains thirty-six (36)sections, each with an area of 640 acres, for a total area of 23,040 acres. Note that due to the curvature of the earth, a correction of 198 feet must be made every 24 miles. Therefore, many townships actually contain less than 36 square miles due to these corrections.

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Township equivalents or conversions

One (1) township is equal to 36 square miles or sections.
One (1) township is equal to six (6) miles square.
One (1) township equals 23,040 acres.
One (1 township equals 1,003,622,400 square feet.
One (1) township equals 93,239,572 square meters.
One (1) township is equal to 111,514,046.5199 square yards.
One (1) township is equal to 3,686,400.0 square rods, poles, or perches.
One (1) township is equal to 230,400.0015 square chains.
One (1) township is equal to 92,160.3695 roods.
One (1) township is equal to 27,271.9933 arpents.
One (1) township is equal to 9,323.9945 hectares.
One (1) township is equal to 93.24 square kilometers.

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Tract

A parcel of land that lies in more than one section or that cannot be identified completely as a part of a particular section

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Traverse Station

A convenient arbitrary point from which parcel corners and physical features of a property can be measured. Large area surveys may require numerous traverse stations.

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Yard

A unit of length used in the English system of measurement; one (1) yard is equal to three (3) feet, 36 inches, or 0.9144 meters (m). For more yard conversions, equivalents, and examples, see Yard conversions and equivalents and the various Converting yards to... examples.

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Yard equivalents and conversions

A yard is a unit of length used in the English system of measurement.
One (1) yard is equal to three (3) feet.
One (1) yard is equal to 0.9144 meters (m).
One (1) yard is equal to 36 inches.
One (1) yard is equal to 4.5455 links.
One (1) yard is equal to 0.1818 rods, poles, or perches.
One (1) yard is equal to 0.0455 chains.
One (1) yard is equal to 0.0046 furlongs.
One (1) yard is equal to 0.0006 miles.
One (1) yard is equal to 91.44 centimeters (cm).
One (1) yard is equal to 0.0009 kilometers.
For conversion examples, see the various Converting yards to... entries.

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