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Forestry (Subscribe) Terms, definitions, and concepts related to the art and science of forest and timber management.

Land Terms

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In-holding

A piece of private ground surrounded by the National Forest. These usually started as mining claims.

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Inch (in)

A unit of length used in the English system of measurement, equal to 1/12 (0.0833) of one (1) foot, or 2.54 centimeters (cm). For more inch conversion factors, equivalents, and examples, see Inch (in) conversions and equivalents and the various Converting inches to... examples.

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Inch (in) equivalents and conversions

An inch (in) is a unit of length used in the English system of measurement.
One (1) inch is equal to 0.0833 feet.
One (1) inch is equal to 2.54 centimeters (cm).
One (1) inch is equal to 0.1262 links.
One (1) inch is equal to 0.0278 yards.
One (1) inch is equal to 0.0051 rods, poles, or perches.
One (1) inch is equal to 0.0013 chains.
One (1) inch is equal to 0.00013 furlongs.
One (1) inch is equal to 0.00002 miles.
One (1) inch is equal to 0.0254 meter (m).
One (1) inch is equal to 0.00003 kilometers (km).
For conversion examples, see the various Converting inches to... entries.

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Index popular

A scale comapring relative values with each other or a predetermined reference.

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Infiltration

The process by which precipitation enters sub-surface layers of the soil; some is held as soil moisture recharge, some resurfaces as streamflow, and the remainder becomes part of groundwater flows (aquifers).

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Kilometer (km)

A unit of length used in the metric system of measurement. One (1) kilometer is equal to 1,000 meters, or 0.6214 miles. For conversion factors and examples, see Kilometer (km) equivalents and conversions and the various Converting kilometers to... examples.

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Kilometer (km) equivalents and conversions

A kilometer is a unit of length used in the metric system of measurement.
One (1) kilometer (km) is equal to 1,000 meters (m).
One (1) kilometer is equal to 100,000 centimeters (cm).
One (1) kilometer is equal to 0.62137 miles.
One (1) kilometer is equal to 39,370.079 inches (in).
One (1) kilometer is equal to 3,280.84 feet (ft).
One (1) kilometer is equal to 1,093.613 yards.
One (1) kilometer is equal to 4,970.959 links.
One (1) kilometer is equal to 198.8388 rods, poles, or perches.
One (1) kilometer is equal to 49.71 chains.
One (1) kilometer is equal to 4.971 furlongs.
See the various Converting kilometers to... entries for specific conversion examples.

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Land use

The activities, operations, or purposes that are employed in a particualr geographic area; the specific manner in which a parcel or tract of land is utilized. Land use is usually regulated by municipal governments through zoning ordinances, although some land uses are regulated by state or federal governments.

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Lichens

A symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae; fungi provide the structure, algae supply food through photosynthesis

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Link

A unit of length used in land surveys, named for the links of the chain formerly used by surveyors. There are 100 links in one (1) chain. One (1) link is equal to 0.66 feet, 0.04 rods, 0.01 chains, or 0.20 meters.
For equivalents, conversion factors, and examples, see Link equivalents and conversions and the various Converting links to... entries.

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Link equivalents and conversions

A link is a unit of length used in land surveys.
One (1) link is equal to 0.66 feet.
One (1) link is equal to 0.01 chains.
One (1) link is equal to 0.001 furlongs.
One (1) link is equal to 0.04 rods, poles, or perches.
One (1) link is equal to 7.92 inches.
One (1) link is equal to 0.22 yards.
One (1) link is equal to 0.0001 miles.
One (1) link is equal to 20.1168 centimeters (cm).
One (1) link is equal to 0.2012 meters (m).
One (1) link is equal to 0.0002 kilometers (km).
See the various Converting links to... entries for conversion examples.

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Log rule

A formula, table, or index that gives estimates of timber volumes based on lengths and diameters of logs (cut or standing timber). Also known as log scales, log rules vary by tree species, geographic location, stocking level of the stand, and other factors.

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Lumber

1. (n.) Timber or logs that have been sawed, split, or planed into wood used to frame or build structures. 2. (n.) Discarded or unused articles or other chattels such as furniture that have been stored. 3. (v.) To harvest or remove timber and convert it into building materials.

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Meander line

An artificial line used by surveyors to measure the natural, uneven, winding property line formed by rivers, streams and other watercourses bordering a property.

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Merchantable species

Species of trees that are commercially valuable as timber. Examples include Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), and eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides).

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Merchantable timber

Live trees of merchantable species and sufficient size that they can be profitably harvested and sold. Merchantable timber is then milled and made into lumber and other wood products.

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Meter (m)

Unit of length on which the metric system of length measurement is based. One meter is equal to 1,650,763.73 wavelengths of radiation from an isotope of the element krypton. One (1) meter is equal to 3.281 feet. See also Meter (m) equivalents and conversions and the various Converting meters (m) to... entries.

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Meter (m) equivalents and conversions

One (1) meter (m) is equal to 100 centimeters (cm).
One (1) meter is equal to 0.001 kilometers (km).
One (1) meter is equal to 3.2808 feet (ft).
One (1) meter is equal to 1.0936 yards.
One (1) meter is equal to 0.00497 furlongs.
One (1) meter is equal to 0.0497 chains.
One (1) meter is equal to 39.3701 inches (in).
One (1) meter is equal to 4.97096 links.
One (1) meter is equal to 0.0006 miles.
One (1) meter is equal to 0.1988 rods, poles, or perches.
See the various Converting meters (m) to... entries for conversion examples.

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Mile equivalents and conversions

One (1) mile is equal to 5,280 feet.
One (1) mile is equal to 80 chains.
One (1) mile is equal to 8,000 links.
One (1) mile is equal to eight (8) furlongs.
One (1) mile is equal to 320 rods, poles, or perches.
One (1) mile is equal to 1,760 yards.
One (1) mile is equal to 63,360 inches.
One (1) mile is equal to 160,934.4 centimeters.
One (1) mile is equal to 1,609.344 meters.
One (1) mile is equal to 1.6093 kilometers.
See the various Converting miles to... entries for conversion examples.

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Niche

The geographical range and habitat a species can or does occupy, and the ecological (functional) role it can or does fulfill in the ecosystem; “what an animal/plant does for a living”

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Perch

A unit of length used in land surveys. The terms, rod, pole, and perch are equivalent and may be used interchangeably, although "rod" is the most common. One (1) perch is equal to 25 links, 16.5 feet, or 1/4 (0.25) chain. For conversions and examples, see Rod, pole, or perch equivalents and conversions and the various Converting rods, poles, or perches to... entries.

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Personal property

All property other than real property. Personal property is distinct from real property in that it is moveable (not attached or affixed). Exceptions are made for trade fixtures or furniture, fixtures, and equipment (FFE), which can be attached, but are still considered personal property. Also known as personalty or chattels, personal property can be tangible (things or objects owned) or intangible (rights and relationships that are included in ownership). Tangible chattels include all objects that one owns, such as vehicles, clothing, houseplants, small appliances, etc. Examples of intangible chattels include patents, copyrights, royalties, and community property relationships. Transfer of personal property is done through a bill of sale, a will, intestate succession, or by court order (judgment).

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Personalty

All property other than real property. Personalty is distinct from real property in that it is moveable (not attached or affixed). Exceptions are made for trade fixtures or furniture, fixtures, and equipment (FFE), which can be attached, but are still considered personalty. Also known as personal property or chattels, personalty can be tangible (things or objects owned) or intangible (rights and relationships that are included in ownership). Tangible chattels include all objects that one owns, such as vehicles, clothing, houseplants, small appliances, etc. Examples of intangible chattels include patents, copyrights, royalties, and community property relationships. Transfer of personalty is done through a bill of sale, a will, intestate succession, or by court order (judgment).

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Pole

1. A unit of length or area equal to one linear rod or one square rod, commonly used in land surveys. The terms, rod, pole, and perch are equivalent and may be used interchangeably, although "rod" is the most common. One (1) pole is equal to 25 links, 16.5 feet, or 1/4 (0.25) chain. For conversions and examples, see Rod, pole, or perch equivalents and conversions and the various Converting rods, poles, or perches to... entries.
2. A roundwood product used primarily for structural support. Tree species used for poles are selected for resistance to weather, wear, and mechanical stress and include lodgepole pine, Douglas-fir, western hemlock, and a variety of southern pines.
3. Term applied to trees that have too small a diameter to be considered sawlogs, but are useful as structural supports, flagpoles, etc.
4. The end of an axis, as in poles of the earth or of cellular mitotic spindles in plants and animals.
5. Either of two opposing parts, forces, or situations, as in magnets, batteries, or opinions.

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